1月在职研究生英语真题

关于1月在职研究生英语真题问题，以下是2016年考研(一月联考)英语二真题，并解析了答案，供考生参考。

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text。 Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)

Happy people work differently。 They’re more productive， more creative， and willing to take greater risks。 And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work， too。

Companies located in place with happier people invest more， according to a recent research paper。 2 ， firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development)。That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。 So they compared U.S。 cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。

7 enough， firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8。 But it is really happiness that’s linked to investment， or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out， the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size， industry ， and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in， like growth in wages or population。 They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things。

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms， which the authors 13 to “less confined decision making process” and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment。’’ The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16。 Firms seem to invest more in places。

17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view， the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility。 It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future。 It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward –thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average，” said one researcher。

1。 [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when

2。 [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion

3。 [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary

4。 [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism

5。 [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change

6。 [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed

7。 [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often

8。 [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered

9。 [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize

10。 [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods

11。 [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable

12。 [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke

13。 [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare

14。 [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced

15。 [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never

16。 [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally

17。 [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since

18。 [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes

19。 [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share

20。 [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act

Section II Reading Comprehension

 

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts。 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (40 points)

Text 1

It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college。 Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses， said Tom Cortina， the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science。

However， Cortina said， early exposure is beneficial。 When younger kids learn computer science， they learn that it’s not just a confusing， endless string of letters and numbers – but a tool to build apps， or create artwork， or test hypotheses。 It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students。 Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal。 Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap， Cortina said。

Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college， where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim， which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away。

The Flatiron School， where people pay to learn programming， started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change。 The high-schoolers get the same curriculum， but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in，” said Victoria Friedman， an instructor。 For instance， one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood。

The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook。 Programming languages have a quick turnover， so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market。 But the skills they learn – how to think logically through a problem and organize the results – apply to any coding language， said Deborah Seehorn， an education consultant for the state of North Carolina。

Indeed， the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all。 But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes。 These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ，in their offices， in their homes –for the rest of their lives， The younger they learn how computers think， how to coax the machine into producing what they want –the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that –the better。

21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______

A。 complete future job training

B。 remodel the way of thinking

C。 formulate logical hypotheses

D。 perfect artwork production

22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers ， Flatiron has considered their________

A。 experience

B。 interest

C。 career prospects

D。 academic backgrounds

23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________

A 。 help students learn other computer languages

B 。have to be upgraded when new technologies come

C 。need improving when students look for jobs

D。 enable students to make big quick money

24.According to the last paragraph， Flatiron students are expected to ______

A。 bring forth innovative computer technologies

B。 stay longer in the information technology industry

C。 become better prepared for the digitalized world

D。 compete with a future army of programmers

25.The word “coax”(Line4，Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________

A。 persuade

B。 frighten

C。 misguide

D。 challenge

Text 2

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States。 But just some 22，000 birds remain today， occupying about 16% of the species ‘historic range。

The crash was a major reason the U.S。 Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened 。“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ，”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe。 Some environmentalists， however， were disappointed。 They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered，” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats 。But Ashe and others argued that the” threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new， potentially less confrontational conservations approaches。 In particular， they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments， which are often uneasy with federal action。 and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken‘s habitat。

Under the plan， for example， the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill， harm， or disturb the bird， as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat。 Negotiated by USFWS and the states， the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat 。The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat ， USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67，000 birds over the next 10 years 。And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA)， a coalition of state agencies， the job of monitoring progress。 Overall， the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver ‘s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said。

Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric。 Some Congress members are trying to block the plan， and at least a dozen industry groups， four states， and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court。 Not surprisingly， doesn’t go far enough。 “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction， ” says biologist Jay Lininger。

26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____。

[A]its drastically decreased population

[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage

[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists

[D]the insistence of private landowners

27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____。

[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[B]would involve fewer agencies in action

[C]granted less federal regulatory power

[D]went against conservation policies

28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____。

[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation

[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______。

[A]the federal government

[B]the wildlife agencies

[C]the landowners

[D]the states

30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______。

[A]industry groups

[B]the win-win rhetoric

[C]environmental groups

[D]the plan under challenge

Text 3

That everyone‘s too busy these days is a cliché。 But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read。

What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don‘t seem sufficient。 The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read： “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times。” But in my experience， using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn‘t work。 Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book‘s the last thing you need。 The modern mind， Tim Parks， a novelist and critic， writes， “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption。” Deep reading requires not just time， but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient。

In fact， “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem。 Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally， judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal。 Immersive reading， by contrast， depends on being willing to risk inefficiency， goallessness， even time-wasting。 Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you‘ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful， sometimes， but not the most fulfilling kind。 “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt，” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time， and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days， hours， minutes) as they pass， for if they get by without being filled， we will have wasted them。” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book。

So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly， scheduling regular times for reading。 You‘d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set， but in fact， Eberle notes， such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time。” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books， or on single-purpose e-readers。 “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work， too-providing you dip in often enough， so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business， before dropping back down。 On a really good day， it no longer feels as if you‘re “making time to read，” but just reading， and making time for everything else。

31。 The usual time-management techniques don’t work because 。

[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind

[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading

[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them

[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

32。 The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to 。

[A] update their to-do lists

[B] make passing time fulfilling

[C] carry their plans through

[D] pursue carefree reading

33。 Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps 。

[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set

[B] develop online reading habits

[C] promote ritualistic reading

[D] achieve immersive reading

34。 “Carry a book with you at all times”can work if 。

[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day

[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with

[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading

[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business

35。 The best title for this text could be 。

[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading

[B] How to Find Time to Read

[C] How to Set Reading Goals

[D] How to Read Extensively

Text 4

Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure， younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success， a latest poll has found。

Across generational lines， Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life， including getting married， having children， owning a home， and retiring in their sixties。 But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life， they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it。

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work， to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs， to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life， to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children， and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home， the survey found。

From career to community and family， these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession， those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life， from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics。

Young and old converge on one key point： Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations。 Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today， big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job， starting a family， managing debt， and finding affordable housing。

Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today。 Schneider， a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college。 Even now that he is working steadily， he said。” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own， so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen。” Looking back， he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young。“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees，”Schneider said。“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore。 ”

36。 One cross-generation mark of a successful life is 。

[A] trying out different lifestyles

[B] having a family with children

[C] working beyond retirement age

[D] setting up a profitable business

37。 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to 。

[A] favor a slower life pace

[B] hold an occupation longer

[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance

[D] give priority to childcare outside the home

38。 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will 。

[A] become increasingly clear

[B] focus on materialistic issues

[C] depend largely on political preferences

[D] reach almost all aspects of American life

39。 Both young and old agree that 。

[A] good-paying jobs are less available

[B] the old made more life achievements

[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain

[D] getting established is harder for the young

40。 Which of the following is true about Schneider?

[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college

[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success

[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree

[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging

Part B

Directions：

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45)。 There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)

A。 Be silly

B。 Have fun

C。 Ask for help

D。 Express your emotions。

E。 Don’t overthink it

F。 Be easily pleased

G。 Notice things

Act Your Shoe Size， Not Your Age。

(1) As adults， it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness， often with mixed results。 Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy。 Instead， they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups。 Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them。

41___________。

(2) What does a child do when he’s sad? He cries。 When he’s angry? He shouts。 Scared? Probably a bit of both。 As we grow up， we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours， which is in many ways a good thing。 But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions， especially negative ones。 That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill。 What we feel appropriately and then-again， like children-move on。

42__________。

A couple of Christmases ago， my youngest stepdaughter， who was 9 years old at the time， got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas。 It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed， and couldn’t bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content， but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels。 Instead， being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing。

43__________。

Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling， we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies， increase good hormones like endorphins， improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection。 All of which would， of course， have a positive effect on our happiness levels。

44__________。

The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work， mortgage payments， figuring out what to cook for dinner。 But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love。 Those things might be social， sporting， creative or completely random (dancing around the living room， anyone?)-it doesn’t matter， so long as they’re enjoyable， and not likely to have negative side effects， such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget。

45__________。

Having said all of the above， it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy。 Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing。 As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said： “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness。” And in that， once more， we need to look to the example of our children， to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live。

Section III Translation

Directions：

Translate the following text into Chinese。 Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET。 (15 points)

The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors。 The reason for this is simple： The longer you stay in the store， the more stuff you’ll see， and the more stuff you see， the more you’ll buy。 And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff。 The average supermarket， according to the Food Marketing Institute， carries some 44，000 different items， and many carry tens of thousands more。 The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload。 According to brain-scan experiments， the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us。 After about 40 minutes of shopping， most people stop struggling to be rationally selective， and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47。 Directions：

Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend， Jack， wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation。 Write him a reply to

1) thank him， and

2) give you advice

You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET。

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter。 Use Li Ming instead。

Do not write the address。 (10 points)

Part B

48。 Directions：

Write an essay based on the chart below。 In your writing， you should

1) interpret the chart， and

2) give your comments。

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。 (15 points)

参考答案：

完形填空：

1.C how【解析】：这句话意思是影响公司运作的方式，how有什么方式的意思。

2.B In particular【解析】：选B表示强调这一情况。

3.D necessary【解析】：对未来投资有必要的长远考虑，其余几项不合题意。

4.C optimism【解析】：根据题意用排除法选择C,是否乐观和敢于冒险的精神来源于幸福感。

5.D change【解析】：改变投资的方式符合题意。

6.B measured【解析】：measure衡量幸福感。

7.A Sure【解析】：足可以确定的是

8.D headquartered

9.A explain【解析】：是否有其他可以引起更加快乐的因素能解释为什么公司在R&D上花费更多。

10.B factors【解析】：不同的因素，其他几项不合题意。

11.A desirable【解析】：因为随着工资和人口的增加人们对此事的欲望越强烈。

12.C emerged【解析】：排除法。

13.A attribute【解析】：attribute to 把什么归因于符合题意。

14.D experienced【解析】：那些年轻人还有没有经验的经理更容易被这种情绪所影响。

15.A thus 【解析】：因果关系连词符合题意。

16.D equally【解析】：排除法

17.C while【解析】：转折连词，说明情况并不是这样。

18.C hints 【解析】：排除法。Hint是暗示的意思。

19.A shape【解析】：帮助执行者形成一种对未来的思维方式。

20.B lean towards【解析】：lean towards 有偏爱、偏向的意思。

阅读

Text1

21、B 【解析】：第二段转折词However可以作为答案的标记，从第二段第三句话可以得出答案。

22、B【解析】：从第四段第二句话中but后边那句话可以得知，Flatiron更多考虑的是高年级学生的兴趣。

23、A 【解析】：第五段最后一句，注意But转折词就是答案的另一种说法。

24、C 【解析】：最后一段倒数两句话表明这些学生以后要围绕着电脑工作和生活。

25、B 【解析】：根据前后意思应该选一个促使意思的词即劝说促使电脑行业产生他们自己想要的东西，其他三个答案均不符合。

TEXT2

26、A 【解析】：第二段第一句的中crash就是指第一段最后一句话，现在只保留了少数，就是指数量decrease了。

27、C 【解析】：第二段however后面的那句话就是答案C的另一种说法。

28、A 【解析】：第三段说对于那些不是故意的伤害行为通过USFWS的协商后表示他们可以投入资金去修复它们所造成的伤害，所以选A.

29、D 【解析】：第三段最后一句话，Ashe 说的那句话他认为the states仍然还是管理这些物种的驱使者，所以选D.

30、A 【解析】：根据最后一段Jay Lininger 认为政府应该对这些事负责，所以他应该支持的是那些工厂。

Text3

31、D 【解析】：第二段最后一句话可得知。

32、B 【解析】：第三段的different sizes bottles就是指empty bottles，通过分析这段话可以得出答案。

33、D 【解析】：最后一段but in fact后边为正确答案，Eberle认为这种行为可以使我们忽视时间的飞逝而用灵魂去阅读，也是指答案中的immersive reading沉浸式阅读。

34、A 【解析】：最后一段倒数第二句：随时携带一本书可以让你暂时不用去想你需要做的工作，在你回到现实之前可以帮你打发时间。其实就是指如果你想暂且逃避一下现实，那么随时携带一本书是能起作用的。

35、C 【解析】：全文都在说如何利用时间去阅读。其他三个答案比较片面。

Text4

36、B【解析】：第二段第一句话就是答案。

37、C 【解析】：第三段young people agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married 就是 attach important to pre-marital的同义改写。

38、D【解析】：第四段 spread through all aspects of American life中的spread替换答案中的reach。

39、D 【解析】：第五段第一句话就是答案D的另一种说法。

40、B 【解析】：根据最后一段可以用排除法选B.

新题型

41——45 C E A B D

翻译

【考点【解析】】

be designed to do sth 旨在做某事

The longer...the more... 越......越.....

According to......根据....

some 大约

the volume of 大量的......

Information overload 过于繁杂的信息

struggle to do sth 努力做某事

rationally selective 理性地进行选择

Instead began shopping emotionally 而不是冲动的去购物

翻译原文：超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。原因非常简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品越多，买的越多。超市陈列了大量的商品。根据食品推广协会的调查，一般超市里有约44000种不同的商品;大多数超市都有上万种。如此众多的选择足以使顾客面对的信息过于繁杂。根据脑部扫描实验，需要快速的做这么多的决定就会使我们太累。大约购物40分钟以后，大多人就不会拼命去做出理性的选择，取而代之的是冲动购物——此时，在购物车里，我们已经装了一半根本没想买的东西。

小作文

小作文是一封感谢信，考生平时应该有所准备。可以自己先设想一下Jack在来信的时候问的问题，可以从不同的角度问问题，然后再根据设想的问题进行回答，这个比较简单。

参考范文：

Dear my friend,

I am here writing to your to express my gratitude to you for congratulation.

You mentioned how to improve the translation ability. Now I would like to offer you some suggestions.

The most important factor to be considered is that you must grasp a

largebank of vocabulary, which is the foundation for translation. Secondly, you can try to practice translation everyday. After your translation, you can compare your translation with the given answer. Last but not the least, you must pay very close attention to the difference between the two languages. Differences between languages must be considered when you are translating.

I am looking forward to meeting you in the near future. Then, we can have a talk face to face. I sincerely hope that my suggestions can be constructive to you.

Truly yours

大作文

考了饼状图，从图中分配的数据来看，我们可以联合想到大学生在旅游时不同的目的所占的比例，那么在写的时候可以肯定其中一个方面，但通常来说认可旅游时交朋友或是培养独立能力比较普遍，但是也不能说缓解压力和欣赏风景就是不对的，所以在写的时候应该先立好意再下笔。

This is a simple but informative chart,which explicitly demonstrates the purpose of students’touring in a certain university.As is shown by the chart ,37%of students tour for the purpose of sightseeing ;next comes the purpose of relieving pressure ,accounting for 33%;only a small part of students tour for the purpose of making friends and cultivating independence.

It is nothing worth blame that college students spend time and money travelling for the purpose of enjoying nature beauty and relaxing themselves.Anyway,they are young and energetic,and therefore at the best time of going out and seeing the world.However,having fun should mot be the main purpose of touring for the young.In order to ensure that they

have a sound development in the future,it is essential that they make a point of travelling for the purpose of making friends with a wide range of people and fostering their spirit of independence.

To achieve this aim,college students may well change their way of travelling.For instance,they can well tour by bus or by bike,and during their tour they can try to communicate with local people as much as possible,with an aim to learn about different ways of living and broaden their horizon.