2011考研完型填空翻译

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does
__2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.     __6__, instead of straining muscles to build them,
as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.     Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are  partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they
become sad when the tears begin to flow.     Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that  emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their  teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. ___20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.